Most high-end computer devices now support Display Port 1.4, support for Display Port 2.0 is rare as of 2020. Variable refresh rates have been supported since version 1.2a (2013) while audio has been supported in all Display Port standards. Unlike HDMI, the physical connector includes a locking mechanism. Display Portĭisplay Port is a more recent standard that is almost exclusively used by computers and computer monitors, it’s generally not seen on TVs. This makes it easier for an HDMI cable to fall or be pulled out by accident. One feature missing from the HDMI connector that some users may miss is any form of a locking mechanism. Variable refresh rate is used to counteract “screen-tearing”, where the monitor displays parts of two separate frames, as it was given a new frame part way through displaying the first. Tip: Variable refresh rate, allows a graphics card to instruct a monitor to synchronise its refresh rate to the speed that the graphics card is transmitting new frames, even if this rate isn’t consistent. Version 2.1 also includes support for variable refresh rate content, a useful feature for high refresh rate and resolution gaming. Audio data can be transmitted through an HDMI cable at the same time as a video stream. Enabling HDR will reduce the maximum supported framerate at a given resolution or require the use of chroma-subsampling. HDMI includes support for HDR (High Dynamic Range) transmissions with version 2.0 and newer. In the case of banding artifacts due to chroma-subsampling, they appear as distinct banding between similar colours that should smoothly blend together. Tip: A visual artifact is a visible anomaly or error in the representation of an image. The ultra-high resolutions are only capable of running at 100Hz without chroma-subsampling or 30Hz without compression. These ultra-high resolutions, however, are unlikely to see mainstream use at viewing distances where this effect would be particularly noticeable for some time. This reduces the maximum number of colours that can be displayed which can lead to visible banding artifacts. While the compression algorithm will have minimal impact of graphical fidelity, chroma-subsampling is another matter. HDMI 2.1 is only able to achieve high framerates for extreme resolutions such as 8K and 10K by using a compression algorithm and by performing chroma-subsampling. HDMI version 2.1 has been standardised but hasn’t been included in most devices as of 2020. The most commonly supported HDMI versions are 1.4 and 2.0. The exception to this is HDMI 2.1 standard which requires a new “Ultra High Speed” cable to achieve the full bandwidth. There are many different versions of the HDMI protocol, these versions need to be supported on both devices and only require a “high speed” cable. HDMI is the primary connector for most devices as of 2020. Neither the VGA nor DVI connectors carry any audio data, which means a separate connection must be made to use speakers built into a display. The dual-link version adds six extra pins and increases the maximum resolution to 2560×1600 at 60Hz. The single-link version supports resolutions of up to 1920×1200 at 60Hz. The DVI-D connector only supports digital signals, the DVI-A only supports analogue signals, and the DVI-I integrates both into a single connector. The DVI-D and -I variants both offer a single- and dual-link version. There are multiple connectors using variations of pin layouts and connectors, but all of them use a standard white shroud and have a pair of screws like a VGA connector. DVIĭVI or Digital Video Interface, supports both analogue and digital signal transmission depending on which connector variant you have. For both of these statistics more is better, although some people may prefer sacrificing performance in one of them to increase the other. Refresh rate is how often a full image can be transmitted per second, measured in Hz. Tip: The pixel measurement is the horizontal then vertical pixel count. VGA was an analogue standard capable of displaying a resolution of up to 2048×1536 pixels at a refresh rate of 85Hz. It may still be found on older computers and display equipment, including projectors. It was an almost universal graphics connector in the 1990s but has been obsoleted by the DVI and HDMI standards in modern devices. VGA or Video Graphic Array, has a 15 pin design and generally uses a blue connector and two screws to ensure the connector stays attached.
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